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class="ny_content_bd"> <div id="hvjh9xd" class="w1200 clear"> <div id="hvjh9xd" class="ny_newsdetail clear"> <h1 class="ny_newsdetail_title">余氯的危害及解決方案</h1> <div id="hvjh9xd" class="ny_newsdetail_tips">更新時(shí)間：2016-08-23 | 點(diǎn)擊率：2826</div> <div id="hvjh9xd" class="ny_newsdetail_con"> <span style="font-size: 14px;">余氯的危害及解決方案：</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: larger;">1. 余氯的概念</span><p><span style="font-size: larger;"> residual chlorine 水中投氯，經(jīng)一定時(shí)間接觸后，在水中余留的游離性氯和結(jié)合性氯的總稱。是指氯投入水中后，除了與水中細(xì)菌、微生物、有機(jī)物、無機(jī)物等作用消耗一部分氯量外，還剩下了一部分氯量，這部分氯量就叫做余氯。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: larger;">2. 余氯的分類<br /> 余氯可分為化合性余氯（指水中氯與氨的化合物，有NH2Cl、NHCl2及NHCl3三種，以NHCl2較穩(wěn)定，殺菌效果好），又叫結(jié)合性余氯；游離性余氯指水中的ClO+、HClO、Cl2等，殺菌速度快，殺菌力強(qiáng)，但消失快），又叫自由性余氯；總余氯即化合性余氯與游離性余氯之和。自來水出水余氯指得是游離性余氯。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: larger;"> 3. 余氯對(duì)人體的危害<br /> 1974年荷蘭Rook和美國Belier發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)氯化物和氯消毒過的水中存在三鹵甲烷（THMS）、氯仿等消毒副產(chǎn)物（DBPS），而且具有致癌、致突變作用。迄今，隨著科技的進(jìn)步，人們已在水源中檢測(cè)出2221種有機(jī)污染物，而在自來水中發(fā)現(xiàn)65種，其中致癌物20種，致突變物56種。<br /> 為確保自來水符合安全衛(wèi)生要求，避免發(fā)生水媒傳染病，自來水在凈水處理過程中要添加消毒劑，滅活水中的致病微生物。由于氯氣性價(jià)比較高，因此在國內(nèi)水處理行業(yè)中廣泛采用。上海希慶電子科技有限公司生產(chǎn)的余氯檢測(cè)儀器，能有效的檢測(cè)出水中余氯的含量。余氯，作為一種有效的殺菌消毒手段，仍被世界上超過80%的水廠使用著。所以，市政自來水中必須保持一定量的余氯，以確保飲用水的微生物指標(biāo)安全。但是，當(dāng)氯和有機(jī)酸反應(yīng)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生許多致癌的副產(chǎn)品，比如三氯甲烷等。超過一定量的氯，本身也會(huì)對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生許多危害，且?guī)в须y聞的氣味，俗稱&ldquo&rdquo。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: larger;">自來水余氯濃度過高的話，主要危害有：</span></p><p><span style="font-size: larger;">① 刺激性很強(qiáng)，對(duì)呼吸系統(tǒng)有傷害。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: larger;">② 易與水中有機(jī)物反應(yīng)，生成三氯甲烷等致癌物。<br />③ 對(duì)皮膚細(xì)胞及細(xì)胞間質(zhì)造成傷害，易引起皮膚干燥、皸裂、丘疹、粉刺、老化，或有手掌角化、指甲變薄等改變<br />④作為生產(chǎn)原料的話，有可能起不良作用，如用其生產(chǎn)黃酒產(chǎn)品時(shí)，對(duì)發(fā)酵環(huán)節(jié)的酵母菌有殺菌作用，影響酒質(zhì)。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: larger;"> 美國威斯康辛州醫(yī)院研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)：自來水中的游離余氯及衍生物三氯甲烷等致癌、致突變物除了飲用從口中進(jìn)入人體外，還有很大一部分是在人們洗臉、洗手、漱口、從皮膚、毛孔、毛發(fā)進(jìn)入人體。據(jù)報(bào)道，水中余氯及其有毒有害物，80%以上是從皮膚進(jìn)人體。因此，水中余氯、雜質(zhì)及管道、水箱等對(duì)水質(zhì)污染已嚴(yán)重影響人類健康。1974年荷蘭Rook和美國Belier發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)氯化和氯消毒過的水中存在三鹵甲烷（THMS）、氯仿等消毒副產(chǎn)物（DBPS），而且具有致癌、致突變作用。迄今，隨著科技的進(jìn)步，人們已在水源中檢測(cè)出2221種有機(jī)污染物，而在自來水中發(fā)現(xiàn)65種，其中致癌物20種，致突變物56種。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: larger;"> 因?yàn)樽詠硭畠艋话闶鞘褂寐葰?，而殘留的余氯在加熱的過程中會(huì)生成三氯甲烷這種致癌物，長期飲用會(huì)對(duì)人體造成非常大的危害。尤其是近年來水源污染越發(fā)的嚴(yán)重，直接導(dǎo)致自來水中余氯含量的增加。所以直接飲用自來水燒開后的水也不是健康的選擇，對(duì)自來水進(jìn)行再凈化是關(guān)鍵。經(jīng)過凈水設(shè)備凈化后的自來水稱為直飲水，在保留對(duì)人體有益的礦物質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上吸附自來水中的余氯和其他有害物質(zhì)，是真正健康的水。因此，選擇適合的余氯檢測(cè)儀器也很重要！</span></p> </div> <div id="hvjh9xd" class="ny_PrevNext"> <div id="hvjh9xd" class="Prev">上一篇： <a href="/Article-1013047.html">在線濁度儀正確使用方法</a></div> <div id="hvjh9xd" class="Next">下一篇： <a 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